Musculoskeletal

Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful condition caused by overuse of the elbow, particularly the tendons of the forearm muscles that attach to the lateral epicondyle — the bony bump on the outside of the elbow. Despite the name, most cases occur in people who do not play tennis.

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Symptoms

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Causes

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Treatments

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Prevention

Condition Overview

Understand key symptoms, causes, diagnosis options, and treatment pathways for Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis). This overview is intended for patient awareness and should be followed by specialist consultation.

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Symptoms

  • Pain and tenderness on the outer part of the elbow
  • Pain that radiates into the forearm
  • Weak grip strength
  • Pain when shaking hands, turning a doorknob, or lifting a cup
  • Pain that worsens with wrist and hand activities

Causes

  • Repetitive motions of the wrist and arm
  • Overuse of forearm extensor muscles
  • Sudden force (less common)

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination
  • X-rays (to rule out other causes)
  • MRI
  • Ultrasound

Treatment

  • Rest and activity modification
  • Ice
  • NSAIDs
  • Forearm counterforce brace
  • Physical therapy (eccentric exercises)
  • Corticosteroid injections
  • PRP injections
  • Extracorporeal shock wave therapy
  • Surgery

Risk Factors

  • Age 30–50
  • Racket sports
  • Repetitive arm motions at work
  • Plumbers, painters, carpenters, butchers

Prevention

  • Strengthen forearm muscles
  • Use proper technique in sports
  • Use appropriate equipment (correct racket grip size)
  • Warm up before activity

Prevalence

Affects approximately 1–3% of the population; most common in people aged 30–60.