Musculoskeletal

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a broad term used to describe pain in the front of the knee and around the kneecap (patella). It is sometimes called 'runner's knee' or 'jumper's knee.' The pain often occurs when using stairs, kneeling, squatting, or sitting with bent knees for a long time. It is one of the most common causes of knee pain.

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Symptoms

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Causes

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Treatments

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Prevention

Condition Overview

Understand key symptoms, causes, diagnosis options, and treatment pathways for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. This overview is intended for patient awareness and should be followed by specialist consultation.

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Symptoms

  • Dull, aching pain in the front of the knee or around the kneecap
  • Pain during activities that repeatedly bend the knee
  • Pain after prolonged sitting
  • Clicking or popping sounds in the knee when climbing stairs

Causes

  • Overuse from repetitive exercise
  • Kneecap tracking problems
  • Muscle weakness (quadriceps, hip)
  • Flat feet
  • Tight muscles (hamstrings, IT band)

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination
  • X-rays
  • MRI (to rule out other conditions)

Treatment

  • Activity modification
  • Physical therapy (quadriceps and hip strengthening)
  • Knee taping or bracing
  • Orthotics
  • NSAIDs
  • Surgery (rarely needed)

Risk Factors

  • Female sex
  • Young athletes
  • Increased training volume
  • Flat feet
  • Muscle imbalances

Prevention

  • Gradual training increase
  • Strength and flexibility training
  • Supportive footwear and orthotics

Prevalence

One of the most common knee conditions; accounts for 25–40% of all knee problems seen in sports medicine clinics.