Autoimmune/Rheumatic

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders, neck, upper arms, thighs, and hips. Signs and symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica usually occur quickly — within two weeks. It primarily affects people older than 50.

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Symptoms

3

Causes

3

Treatments

1

Prevention

Condition Overview

Understand key symptoms, causes, diagnosis options, and treatment pathways for Polymyalgia Rheumatica. This overview is intended for patient awareness and should be followed by specialist consultation.

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Symptoms

  • Aches or pain in the shoulders
  • Aches or pain in the neck, upper arms, buttocks, hips, or thighs
  • Stiffness in affected areas, particularly in the morning or after being inactive
  • Limited range of motion
  • Pain or stiffness in the wrists, elbows, or knees
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Fever

Causes

  • Exact cause unknown
  • Autoimmune and inflammatory component
  • Genetic and environmental factors

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination
  • Blood tests (ESR, CRP)
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI
  • Temporal artery biopsy (if GCA suspected)

Treatment

  • Corticosteroids (prednisone)
  • Methotrexate
  • Tocilizumab (if also GCA or relapsing PMR)

Risk Factors

  • Age (over 50, peak 70–80)
  • Female sex
  • White European ancestry
  • Family history

Prevention

  • No known prevention

Prevalence

About 6 per 10,000 people develop PMR in the US each year. Lifetime risk is about 2% for women and 1% for men.