Musculoskeletal

Rotator Cuff Injuries

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and allow the shoulder to rotate and move. Injuries range from inflammation (tendinitis) and partial tears to complete tears of one or more tendons. Rotator cuff injuries are one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and disability.

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Symptoms

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Causes

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Treatments

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Prevention

Condition Overview

Understand key symptoms, causes, diagnosis options, and treatment pathways for Rotator Cuff Injuries. This overview is intended for patient awareness and should be followed by specialist consultation.

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Symptoms

  • A dull ache deep in the shoulder
  • Disturbed sleep, particularly if lying on the affected shoulder
  • Arm weakness
  • Difficulty reaching behind the back
  • Arm weakness
  • Crackling sensation with movement

Causes

  • Acute injury (falling on arm, lifting heavy object)
  • Gradual degeneration from repetitive stress
  • Age-related wear

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination
  • X-rays
  • MRI (most accurate)
  • Ultrasound

Treatment

  • Rest and activity modification
  • Physical therapy (main treatment)
  • Corticosteroid injections
  • Surgical repair (arthroscopic or open)

Risk Factors

  • Age (40+)
  • Repetitive overhead activities
  • Sports involving overhead motion
  • Occupations (painters, carpenters)

Prevention

  • Regular shoulder strengthening exercises
  • Proper technique in sports and work
  • Warm up before activity

Prevalence

Rotator cuff tears affect approximately 30% of people over age 60; about 2 million people see a doctor annually in the US for rotator cuff issues.