Autoimmune/Rheumatic

Still's Disease (Adult-Onset Still's Disease)

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare form of inflammatory arthritis that features high fevers, rash, and joint pain. It is considered by many to be a spectrum of conditions related to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, but occurring in adults. The condition may be self-limited, intermittent, or chronic.

7

Symptoms

3

Causes

6

Treatments

1

Prevention

Condition Overview

Understand key symptoms, causes, diagnosis options, and treatment pathways for Still's Disease (Adult-Onset Still's Disease). This overview is intended for patient awareness and should be followed by specialist consultation.

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Symptoms

  • Quotidian fever spikes (high fever once or twice daily)
  • Salmon-colored skin rash appearing with fever
  • Joint pain and arthritis
  • Sore throat
  • Lymph node enlargement
  • Enlargement of liver or spleen
  • Elevated ferritin

Causes

  • Unknown (autoinflammatory and autoimmune components)
  • Possible infectious triggers
  • Genetic factors

Diagnosis

  • Yamaguchi or Fautrel criteria
  • Blood tests (ferritin markedly elevated, CBC, CRP)
  • Exclusion of infection, malignancy, and other rheumatic disease

Treatment

  • NSAIDs (mild disease)
  • Corticosteroids
  • Methotrexate
  • Anakinra (IL-1 inhibitor)
  • Tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor)
  • Canakinumab

Risk Factors

  • Age 16–35 (bimodal peak)
  • No sex predilection

Prevention

  • No known prevention

Prevalence

Very rare; approximately 1–34 per million per year.