Musculoskeletal

Tendon and Ligament Injuries

Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to other bones. Both structures can be injured through acute trauma or overuse. Common tendon injuries include tendinitis, tendinosis, and tendon tears. Common ligament injuries include sprains. These injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal problems.

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Symptoms

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Causes

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Treatments

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Prevention

Condition Overview

Understand key symptoms, causes, diagnosis options, and treatment pathways for Tendon and Ligament Injuries. This overview is intended for patient awareness and should be followed by specialist consultation.

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Symptoms

  • Pain at the site of injury
  • Swelling
  • Bruising
  • Weakness
  • Limited range of motion
  • Instability (with ligament tears)

Causes

  • Acute trauma (sudden twist, fall, direct blow)
  • Overuse and repetitive stress
  • Age-related degeneration

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination
  • Stress tests
  • X-rays (to rule out fracture)
  • MRI or ultrasound

Treatment

  • RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
  • Bracing or casting
  • Physical therapy
  • PRP (platelet-rich plasma) injections
  • Surgery for complete tears

Risk Factors

  • Sports participation
  • Previous injury
  • Age
  • Inadequate conditioning
  • Certain fluoroquinolone antibiotics (tendon risk)

Prevention

  • Proper warm-up and cool-down
  • Strength and conditioning
  • Appropriate footwear
  • Gradual progression of training

Prevalence

Among the most common musculoskeletal injuries worldwide; sprains and strains account for millions of ER visits annually.